Significado do uso da prótese peniana de silicone no seguimento da braquiterapia pélvica / Significado do uso da prótese peniana de silicone no seguimento da braquiterapia pélvica / Meaning of the use of silicone penile prosthesis in the follow-up of pelvic brachytherapy

Objetivo: descrever o significado do uso da prótese peniana de silicone para dilatação vaginal no seguimento da braquiterapia em mulheres com câncer ginecológico. Método: pesquisa narrativa, realizada no Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas, Brasil, com 34 mulheres, após braquiterapia pélvica, em seguimento no serviço de fisioterapia. Coleta de dados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, incluindo dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e o significado do uso da prótese peniana na dilatação vaginal, submetidas à análise de conteúdo e discutidas à luz do estudo From 'sex toy' to intrusive imposition. Resultados: o significado perpassa o exercício de dilatação vaginal; as dificuldades relacionadas às condições vaginais, doença, tratamento, dor, sexo, constrangimentos, preconceitos, falhas na educação em saúde; as motivações relacionam-se à busca por qualidade de vida, apoio dos companheiros e profissionais. Conclusão: a abordagem de possíveis barreiras emocionais, psicológicas, sociais e físicas deve ser planejada e executada para prevenção da estenose vaginal e melhor acolhimento.

Objective: to describe the meaning of the use of silicone penile prosthesis for vaginal dilation in the follow-up of brachytherapy in women with gynecological cancer. Method: narrative research conducted at the Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas, Brazil, with 34 women after pelvic brachytherapy, under follow-up at the physical therapy service. Data collection through semi-structured interviews, including sociodemographic and clinical data and the significance of the use of penile prosthesis in vaginal dilation, submitted to content analysis and discussed in the light of the study From 'sex toy' to intrusive imposition. Results: the meaning permeates the vaginal dilation exercise; difficulties related to vaginal conditions, disease, treatment, pain, sex, constraints, prejudices, failures in health education; motivations are related to the search for quality of life, support of partners and professionals. Conclusion: the approach of possible emotional, psychological, social and physical barriers should be planned and executed for prevention of vaginal stenosis and better reception.

Objetivo: describir el significado del uso de una prótesis peneana de silicona para la dilatación vaginal posterior a la braquiterapia en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico. Método: investigación narrativa, realizada en el Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas, Brasil, con 34 mujeres, después de braquiterapia pélvica, en seguimiento en el servicio de fisioterapia. Recopilación de datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, incluyendo datos sociodemográficos y clínicos y el significado del uso de prótesis peneana en la dilatación vaginal, sometidos a análisis de contenido y discutidos a la luz del estudio From 'sex toy' to intrusive imposition. Resultados: el significado impregna el ejercicio de dilatación vaginal; dificultades relacionadas con condiciones vaginales, enfermedad, tratamiento, dolor, sexo, vergüenza, prejuicios, fallas en la educación para la salud; las motivaciones están relacionadas con la búsqueda de calidad de vida, apoyo de la pareja y profesionales. Conclusión: se debe planificar y ejecutar el abordaje de las posibles barreras emocionales, psicológicas, sociales y físicas para prevenir la estenosis vaginal y una mejor recepción.

Avaliação da dor em mulheres com câncer cérvico-uterino durante a braquiterapia / Pain evaluation in women with cervical-uterine neoplasms during brachytherapy / Evaluación del dolor en mujeres con cáncer cérvico-uterino durante la braquiterapia

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a intensidade da dor em mulheres submetidas à braquiterapia pélvica. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, quantitativo realizado em instituição oncológica (Santa Catarina/Brasil), incluindo 97 mulheres em braquiterapia pélvica, com (grupo 1) ou sem (grupo 2) sedação anestésica. Coleta de dados entre setembro de 2018 a julho de 2019, por entrevista estruturada e no prontuário da paciente. Intensidade da dor avaliada em cinco momentos por escala visual analógica. Análise incluiu medidas de frequência, teste qui-quadrado, análise de resíduos padronizados ajustados, equações de estimações generalizadas, teste post-hoc de Bonferroni; nível de significância 0,05. Resultados: 51 mulheres (52,6%) referiram dor prévia à braquiterapia, 73 (75,3%) após. Na retirada dos aplicadores, grupo 1 atingiu 55,9% na proporção de presença de dor, grupo 2 36,8%. Houve significância da percepção dolorosa por momento/sedação (p<0,001). Conclusão: percepção dolorosa observada na maioria das mulheres. Os resultados contribuíram para revisão do protocolo institucional para sedação endovenosa e melhor controle álgico.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate pain intensity in women undergoing pelvic brachytherapy. Method: cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative study conducted in an oncology institution (Santa Catarina/Brazil), including 97 women undergoing pelvic brachytherapy, with (group 1) or without (group 2) anesthetic sedation. Data collection between September 2018 to July 2019, by structured interview and in the patient's medical record. Pain intensity assessed at five time points by visual analog scale. Analysis included frequency measures, chi-square test, adjusted standardized residuals analysis, generalized estimating equations, Bonferroni post-hoc test; significance level 0.05. Results: 51 women (52.6%) reported pain before brachytherapy, 73 (75.3%) after. At the removal of the applicators, group 1 reached 55.9% in the proportion of presence of pain, group 2, 36.8%. There was significance of pain perception by moment/sedation (p<0.001). Conclusion: pain perception observed in most women. The results contributed to revision of the institutional protocol for intravenous sedation and better pain control.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la intensidad del dolor en mujeres sometidas a braquiterapia pélvica. Método: estudio transversal, analítico y cuantitativo realizado en una institución de oncología (Santa Catarina/Brasil), incluyendo 97 mujeres sometidas a braquiterapia pélvica, con (grupo 1) o sin (grupo 2) sedación anestésica. Recogida de datos entre septiembre de 2018 y julio de 2019, mediante entrevista estructurada y en la historia clínica del paciente. La intensidad del dolor se evaluó en cinco momentos mediante una escala analógica visual. El análisis incluyó medidas de frecuencia, prueba de chi-cuadrado, análisis de residuos estandarizados ajustados, ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas, prueba post-hoc de Bonferroni; nivel de significación 0,05. Resultados: 51 mujeres (52,6%) refirieron dolor antes de la braquiterapia, 73 (75,3%) después. Al retirar los aplicadores, el grupo 1 alcanzó el 55,9% en la proporción de presencia de dolor, el grupo 2 el 36,8%. Hubo significación de la percepción del dolor según el momento/sedación (p<0,001). Conclusión: La percepción del dolor se observó en la mayoría de las mujeres. Los resultados contribuyeron a revisar el protocolo institucional de sedación endovenosa y a mejorar el control del dolor.

Repercussões da braquiterapia na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade no tratamento do câncer de colo uterino / Effects of brachytherapy on quality of life and functionality in the treatment of cervix cancer / Efectos de la braquiterapia sobre la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad en el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a repercussão da braquiterapia sobre funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de mulheres com câncer de colo uterino. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, desenvolvido entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, com 33 mulheres com neoplasia uterina em tratamento braquiterápico, acompanhadas no Centro Oncológico do Nordeste - Brasil. Foi aplicado o instrumento Funtional Assessment of Cancer Theraphy - Cervix Cancer. Foram comparadas as médias das subescalas e analisada a correlação entre elas por meio da aplicação dos testes ANOVA e t de Student. Resultados: foram evidenciadas demandas voltadas para a autoimagem, sexualidade e queixas urinárias. A média de preocupações adicionais foi menor na faixa de 50-59 quando comparada com a média da faixa de 31-49 (p=0,004) e com a de 60-75 (p=0,002). Conclusão: abordar assuntos voltados para sexualidade e queixas urinárias contribuem para a identificação precoce dos sintomas ocasionados pela braquiterapia, assim como implementação de medidas, proporcionando qualidade de vida à paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effect of brachytherapy on functionality and quality of life of women with cervix cancer. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out between December 2019 and February 2020 with 33 women with uterine neoplasia undergoing brachytherapy, followed up at Centro Oncológico do Nordeste - Brazil. The Funtional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cervix Cancer instrument was applied. The means of the subscales were compared and their mutual correlation was analyzed by applying the ANOVA and Student's t tests. Results: requirements focused on self-image, sexuality and urinary complaints were evidenced. The mean of additional concerns was lower in the age group from 50 to 59 years old, when compared to the mean values in the age groups from 31 to 49 years old (p=0.004) and from 60 to 75 years old (p=0.002). Conclusion: addressing issues related to sexuality and urinary complaints contribute to early identification of the symptoms caused by brachytherapy, as well as the implementation of measures, providing quality of life for the patient.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la braquiterapia sobre la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida de mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino. Método: estudio transversal y descriptivo realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 con 33 mujeres con neoplasia uterina en tratamiento de braquiterapia, monitoreadas en el Centro Oncológico do Nordeste - Brasil. Se aplicó el instrumento Funtional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cervix Cancer. Se compararon las medias de las subescalas y se analizó la correlación entre ellas por medio de las pruebas ANOVA y t de Student. Resultados: se evidenciaron requerimientos centrados en la autoimagen, la sexualidad y las quejas urinarias. La media de preocupaciones adicionales fue menor en los grupos etarios de 31 a 49 años (p=0.004) y de 60 a 75 (p=0.002). Conclusión: abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la sexualidad y las molestias urinarias contribuyen a la identificación precoz de los síntomas causados por la braquiterapia, así como a la implementación de medidas, proporcionando calidad de vida a la paciente.

Principais implicações terapêuticas à qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de colo uterino: uma revisão narrativa / Therapeutic implications to the quality of life of cervical cancer's patients: a narrative review

O câncer de colo uterino é o quarto tipo mais incidente e fatal entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo, o que representa mundialmente em torno de 600 mil novos casos e mais de 300 mil mortes a cada ano. Assim como o diagnóstico, o tratamento da doença pode impactar de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dessas pacientes. A aplicação de questionários que avaliem os diferentes aspectos da qualidade de vida das mulheres afetadas por esse câncer é uma ferramenta relevante, pois auxilia na compreensão e identificação dos principais danos relacionados ao tratamento. Este trabalho visa analisar a literatura atual que investiga e relata os principais efeitos à qualidade de vida de mulheres com câncer de colo uterino associados a diferentes modalidades terapêuticas e, desse modo, contribuir nas escolhas de tratamento e manejo clínico que resultem em menores impactos à qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.(AU)

Cervical cancer is the fourth most incident and fatal cancer type among women in Brazil and worldwide. This data represents around 600 thousand new cases worldwide each year and more than 300 thousand lives lost. Both diagnosis and treatment can significantly impact the quality of life of cervical cancer patients. The application of questionnaires that assess the different aspects of the quality of life of women affected by this cancer is a relevant tool, as it helps to understand and identify the main damages related to the treatment. This article aims to analyze the current literature that reports the main effects on the quality of life of women with cervical cancer associated with different therapeutic modalities. In this way, the review could assist in the treatment choices that imply less impact on the quality of life of these women.(AU)

Long-term results of visual function in posterior uveal melanoma patients treated with I125 episcleral brachytherapy in a Spanish referral Ocular Oncology Unit / Resultados de longo prazo da função visual em pacientes com melanoma uveal posterior tratados com braquiterapia epiescleral com I125 em uma unidade de referência em Oncologia Oftalmológica na Espanha

ABSTRACT Purposes: We analyzed patient, tumor and dosimetric characteristics of subjects in a Spanish population diagnosed with uveal melanoma treated with iodine 125 (I125) episcleral brachytherapy, who presented with post-treatment loss of useful visual acuity and global evolution of visual acuity. Methods: A single historic observational cohort study was undertaken. Patients with uveal melanoma were recruited between September 1995 and June 2015. Clinical, tumor and dosimetric data collection and visual acuity evaluations were performed under everyday practice conditions based on a useful visual acuity >0.1 on the decimal scale. The baseline analysis was performed using descriptive and survival analyses according to Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: A total of 286 of the 665 patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma received episcleral brachytherapy, and 198 were included in the study. The mean follow-up time was 75.3 months (95% CI = 68.0-82.6). Patients with post-treatment useful visual acuity loss (n=94, 47%) presented the following characteristics: visual symptoms (n=80, p-value = 0.001); iris color (brown n=33, hazel green n=49, p-value = 0.047); Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study size (medium n=80, p-value = 0.159); tumor, node, metastasis stage (T2: n=38, T3: n=38, p=0.012); shape (nodular n=67, mushroom-shaped n=26, p=0.001); posterior pole involvement (n=47, p=0.04); recurrence (n=10, p=0.001); and dose administered in the fovea, optic nerve and center of the eye (p<0.002). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the mean overall survival of useful visual acuity was 90.19 months, and the probability of preserving useful visual acuity was 66% for one year, 45% for five years and 33% for ten years. Conclusion: Patients most likely to present with visual acuity loss were those with the following profile: elderly males with dark irises who were diagnosed with visual symptoms and exhibited a medium/large melanoma with a mushroom shape in the posterior pole (near the fovea and/or optic nerve). All patients treated with episcleral brachytherapy are likely to present with visual acuity loss, which is more pronounced in the first few years following treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar características individuais, tu morais e dosimétricas de pacientes diagnosticados com melanoma uveal, tratados através de braquiterapia epiescleral com iodo-125 (I125), que apresentaram perda da acuidade visual útil após o tratamento e analisar a evolução global da acuidade visual em uma população da Espanha. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional de coorte histórica considerando pacientes com melanoma uveal diagnosticados entre setembro de 1995 e junho de 2015. Foram coletados dados clínicos, tumorais e dosimétricos e medida a acuidade visual em condições de prática clínica diária, considerando uma acuidade visual útil superior a 0,1 na escala decimal. A análise de base foi efetuada por curvas Kaplan-Meier descritivas de sobrevivência Resultados: Um total de 286 dos 665 pacientes diagnosticados com melanoma uveal recebeu braquiterapia epiescleral e 198 deles foram incluídos no estudo. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 75,3 meses (IC 95%: 68,0-82,6). Os pacientes com perda da acuidade visual útil após o tratamento (n=94, 47%) apresentaram as seguintes características: sintomas visuais (n=80, p=0,001), cor da íris (castanha: n=33, castanho-esverdeada: n=49; p=0,047), tamanho de acordo com o Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (tamanho médio: n=80, p=0,159), tumor, nódulo, estágio de metástase (T2: n=38, T3: n=38, p=0,012), forma (nodular: n=67, em forma de cogumelo: n=26, p=0,001), envolvimento do polo posterior (n=47, p=0,04), recorrência (n=10, p=0,001) e dose administrada na fóvea, no nervo óptico e no centro do olho (p<0,002). Na análise de Kaplan-Meier, o tempo médio de sobrevivência geral da acuidade visual útil foi de 90,19 meses e a probabilidade de preservação da acuidade visual útil foi de 66% por um ano, 45% por 5 anos e 33% por 10 anos. Conclusão: O perfil de paciente com maior probabilidade de perda da acuidade visual útil é o de homem idoso com íris escura, diagnosticado com sintomas visuais e melanoma de tamanho médio a grande, em forma de cogumelo no polo posterior (próximo à fóvea, ao nervo óptico ou a ambos). Todos os pacientes tratados com braquiterapia epiescleral terão perda da acuidade visual, mais pronunciada nos primeiros anos após o tratamento.

Thermography in clinical ophthalmic oncology / Termografia em oncologia oftalmológica clínica

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to present our own experience with the use of thermography as a complementary method for the initial diagnosis and differentiation of intraocular tumors, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of intraocular melanomas. Methods: The study group comprised 37 patients with intraocular tumors, including 9 with uveal melanoma, 8 with uveal melanoma after I125 brachytherapy, 12 with a focal metastasis to the uvea, and 8 with retinal capillary hemangioblastoma. A FLIR T640 camera was used to capture images in the central point of the cornea, eye area, and orbital cavity area. Results: Eyes with uveal melanoma had higher temperature compared with the fellow normal eye of the patient in the range of all measured parameters in the regions of interest. In the group of patients with melanoma after unsuccessful brachytherapy, higher temperature was observed at the central point of the cornea. In patients with tumor regression, all measured parameters were lower in the affected eye. We observed lower tempe­ratures in the range of all tested parameters and areas in eyes with choroidal metastases. Eyes with diagnosed intraocular hemangioblastoma were characterized by higher parameters for the regions of interest versus eyes without this pathology. Conclusions: A thermographic examination of the eye can be used as an additional first-line diagnostic tool for the differentiation of intraocular tumors. Thermography can be a helpful tool in monitoring the treatment outcome in patients with intraocular melanoma.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi de apresentar a nossa experiência no uso da termografia como método complementar para o diagnóstico inicial e a diferenciação de tumores intraoculares, bem como para a avaliação da eficácia do tratamento de melanomas intraoculares. Métodos: O grupo estudado compunha-se de 37 pacientes com tumores intraoculares, sendo 9 com melanoma uveal, 8 com melanoma uveal após braquiterapia com I125, 12 com metástases focais na úvea e 8 com hemangioblastoma capilar retiniano. As imagens do ponto central da córnea, da área do olho e da área da cavidade orbital foram obtidas com uma câmera FLIR T640. Resultados: Os olhos dos pacientes com melanoma uveal tinham temperaturas mais elevadas do que as dos olhos normais dos mesmos, em toda a faixa dos parâmetros medidos nas regiões de interesse. No grupo de pacientes com melanoma após braquiterapia mal sucedida, encontrámos temperaturas maiores no ponto central da córnea. Nos pacientes com regressão do tumor, todos os parâmetros medidos foram menores no olho acometido. Encontrámos temperaturas mais baixas em toda a faixa dos parâmetros testados e das áreas medidas nos olhos com metástases na coroide. Os olhos com hemangioblastoma intraocular diagnosticado caracterizaram-se por parâmetros mais elevados nas regiões de interesse, em comparação com olhos sem essa patologia. Conclusões: O exame termográfico do olho pode usar-se como ferramenta de diagnóstico adicional de triagem na diferenciação de tumores intraoculares. A termografia pode ser uma ferramenta útil no acompanhamento do des­fe­cho do tratamento em pacientes com melanoma intraocular.

Práticas de autocuidado e os efeitos colaterais imediatos em mulheres com câncer ginecológico em braquiterapia / Prácticas de autocuidado y los efectos colaterales inmediatos en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico en braquiterapia / Self-care practices and immediate side effects in women with gynecological cancer in brachytherapy

Objetivo: revelar os efeitos colaterais imediatos e as práticas de autocuidado adotadas por mulheres com câncer ginecológico submetidas à braquiterapia. Método: pesquisa narrativa, realizada com 12 mulheres, no Sul do Brasil, entre dezembro/2018 e janeiro/2019, incluindo entrevista semiestruturada submetida à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise emergiram três categorias temáticas: Cuidados orientados e adotados pelas mulheres em braquiterapia pélvica; Efeitos colaterais imediatos percebidos pelas mulheres em braquiterapia pélvica; Cuidados não orientados pelos profissionais da saúde. Os cuidados orientados pelas enfermeiras mais relatados pelas mulheres foram dilatação vaginal, uso de ducha e lubrificante vaginal, consumo de chá, higienização e guarda do dilatador vaginal. Os efeitos colaterais mais citados nas entrevistas foram alterações urinárias e intestinais na pele e mucosas. Conclusão: evidencia-se que a atenção de enfermagem em braquiterapia deve priorizar cuidados para prevenir e controlar as alterações geniturinárias e tegumentares, incluindo práticas de autocuidado.

Objective: to reveal the immediate side effects and self-care practices adopted by women with gynecological cancer submitted to brachytherapy. Method: narrative research, conducted with 12 women, in southern Brazil, between December/2018 and January/2019, including semi-structured interviews submitted to content analysis. Results: three thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Care oriented and adopted by women in pelvic brachytherapy; Immediate side effects perceived by women in pelvic brachytherapy; Care not guided by health professionals. The care provided by the nurses most reported by the women was vaginal dilation, use of a shower and vaginal lubricant, tea consumption, cleaning, and storage of the vaginal dilator. The side effects most frequently mentioned in the interviews were urinary and intestinal changes in the skin and mucous membranes. Conclusion: nursing care in brachytherapy must prioritize care to prevent and control genitourinary and cutaneous changes, including self-care practices.

Objetivo: revelar los efectos colaterales inmediatos y las prácticas de autocuidado adoptadas por mujeres con cáncer ginecológico sometidas a la braquiterapia. Método: investigación narrativa, realizada con 12 mujeres, en el Sur de Brasil, entre diciembre/2018 y enero/2019, incluyendo entrevista semiestructurada sometida al análisis de contenido. Resultados: del análisis surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Cuidados orientados y adoptados por las mujeres en braquiterapia pélvica; Efectos colaterales inmediatos percibidos por las mujeres en braquiterapia pélvica; Cuidados no orientados por los profesionales de la salud. Los cuidados orientados por las enfermeras más relatados por las mujeres fueron dilatación vaginal, uso de ducha y lubrificante vaginal, consumo de té, higienización y guarda del dilatador vaginal. Los efectos colaterales más citados en las entrevistas fueron alteraciones urinarias e intestinales en la piel y mucosas. Conclusión: se observa que la atención de enfermería en braquiterapia debe priorizar cuidados para prevenir y controlar las alteraciones genitourinarias y pigmentarias, incluyendo prácticas de autocuidado.

Mulheres com câncer ginecológico: significado da braquiterapia / Mujeres con cáncerginecológico: significado de la braquiterapia / Women with gynecological cancer: meaning of brachytherapy

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o significado da braquiterapia em mulheres com câncer ginecológico. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada com 32 mulheres, submetidas à braquiterapia em instituição oncológica de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Na coleta de dados, entre setembro de 2017 e julho de 2018, aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada. As comunicações foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, incluindo regras de enumeração para análise dos dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e para quantificação dos relatos agrupados. Publicações relacionadas com o tema e a Teoria do Conforto sustentaram teoricamente a inferência dos dados. Emergiram cinco categorias temáticas, neste artigo apresentam-se três. Resultados: a categoria "O medo e as crenças pessoais no enfrentamento do câncer ginecológico e da braquiterapia" destaca o medo da morte, o desejo pela cura e o apego à família e à religiosidade; "Medo do tratamento e desconfortos relacionados" retrata as alterações relacionadas aos contextos físico, psicológico e ambiental; "Dor como significado" revela a percepção dolorosa sentida pelas mulheres em decorrência da doença ou da braquiterapia. Conclusão: conhecer o significado da braquiterapia permite que os enfermeiros possam repensar a coleta de dados e o planejamento de enfermagem para melhor educação em saúde e redução dos desconfortos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer el significado de la braquiterapia en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria realizada con 32 mujeres, sometidas a la braquiterapia en institución oncológica de Santa Catarina, Brasil. En la recolección de datos, entre septiembre de 2017 y julio de 2018, se aplicó entrevista semiestructurada. Los relatos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido, incluyendo reglas de enumeración para análisis de los datos sociodemográfico, clínicos y para cuantificación de los relatos agrupados. Publicaciones relacionadas con el tema yla Teoría del Confort basaron teóricamente la inferencia de los datos. Surgieron cinco categorías temáticas, en este artículo se presentan tres. Resultados: la categoría "El miedo y las creencias personales en el enfrentamiento del cáncer ginecológico y de la braquiterapia" destaca el temor a la muerte, el deseo por la cura y el apego a la familia y a la religiosidad; "Miedo al tratamiento y las molestias relacionadas" retrata las alteraciones relacionadas a los contextos físico, psicológico y ambiental; "Dolor como significado" revela la percepción dolorosa sentida por las mujeres debido a la enfermedad o la braquiterapia. Conclusión: conocer el significado de la braquiterapia permite que los enfermeros puedan repensar la recolección de datos y la planificación de enfermería para una mejor educación en salud y reducción de las molestias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the meaning of brachytherapy in women with gynecological cancer. Methods: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research conducted with 32 women who underwent brachytherapy at an oncology institution in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data collection took place between September 2017 and July 2018 through semi-structured interviews. Communications were submitted to content analysis, including enumeration rules for the analysis of sociodemographic and clinical data and for the quantification of grouped reports. Publications related to the theme and the Comfort Theory theoretically supported the inference of the data. Five thematic categories emerged; in this article three are presented. Results: the category "Fear and personal beliefs in coping with gynecological cancer and brachytherapy" highlights the fear of death, the desire for healing and attachment to family and religiosity; "Fear of treatment and related discomforts" depicts changes related to physical, psychological and environmental contexts; "Pain as meaning" reveals the painful perception felt by women as a result of illness or brachytherapy. Conclusion: knowing the meaning of brachytherapy allows nurses to rethink data collection and nursing planning for better health education and reduction of discomfort.

Braquiterapia adaptativa guiada por resonancia magnética para el cáncer cervical localmente avanzado: experiencia del Hospital Carlos Van Buren / MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: experience at Carlos Van Buren Hospital

Introducción y objetivos: El tratamiento estándar para pacientes con cáncer cervical localmente avanzado (CCLA) se basa en radioterapia externa y quimioterapia concomitante seguida de braquiterapia adaptativa guiada por imágenes (BTAGI). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los resultados del protocolo de BTAGI de resonancia magnética del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Métodos: En pacientes con CCLA tratadas con Radioquimioterapia concomitante seguida de BTAGI de resonancia magnética se evaluó la reducción tumoral, parámetros dosimétricos y la toxicidad aguda. Resultados: Se evaluó la reducción tumoral entre el diagnóstico y el momento de la braquiterapia en 34 pacientes. Todas las pacientes completaron el tratamiento de radioterapia externa. Veinticuatro pacientes recibieron 3 sesiones de braquiterapia. Dosis equivalentes totales > 80 Gy se logro en todos los pacientes. Doce pacientes presentaron reducción del volumen tumoral mayor al 70%. La mediana de las dosis equivalentes totales prescritas al D2cc de vejiga fue 73.9 Gy, al recto 65.6 Gy y al intestino fue de 69.1 Gy. Una paciente presento toxicidad gastrointestinal grado ≥ 3. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar pacientes que recibieron dosis equivalentes totales desde los 85 Gy con las que recibieron menor dosis respecto a toxicidad gastrointestinal (p=0.33) y genitourinaria (p=0.97). Conclusión: La braquiterapia adaptativa guiada por resonancia magnética se puede realizar en el sistema público de salud y cumplir con las recomendaciones internacionales requeridas para el tratamiento estándar del CCLA.

Introduction and purpose: External beam radiation therapy with concomitant chemotherapy followed by adaptive image-guided brachytherapy (IGABT) is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). The purpose of this study was to describe the local outcomes of the magnetic resonance IGABT protocol at the radiation oncology department of the Carlos Van Buren Hospital. Methods: Tumor reduction, dosimetric parameters and acute toxicity were evaluated in patients with LACC treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy followed by magnetic resonance IGABT. Results: Tumor reduction between diagnosis and brachytherapy was evaluated in 34 patients. All patients completed external radiation therapy treatment. Twenty-four patients received 3 sessions of brachytherapy. All patients received a total equivalent dose > 80 Gy. Twelve patients showed a tumor volume reduction greater than 70%. The median total equivalent dose prescribed to the bladder D2cc was 73.9 Gy, the rectum 65.6 Gy, and the intestine 69.1 Gy. One patient presented grade ≥ 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing patients who received total equivalent doses larger than 85 Gy with those who received lower doses regarding gastrointestinal (p = 0.33) and genitourinary (p = 0.97) toxicity. Conclusion: MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy can be performed in the public health system and achieve the international recommendations required as standard of care treatment of LACC.

Avaliação da adesão ao autocuidado em mulheres submetidas à braquiterapia ginecológica / Evaluación de la adhesión al autocuidado en las mujeres que se someten a la braquiterapia ginecológica / Evaluation of women's adherence to self-care while undergoing gynecological brachytherapy

Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão das mulheres com câncer cervical às orientações de autocuidado relacionadas à braquiterapia. Método: Estudo longitudinal, realizado em um ambulatório de radioterapia na região centro-oeste, com mulheres com câncer cervical submetidas à braquiterapia. As participantes responderam ao questionário sobre adesão às orientações de autocuidado durante o tratamento. Resultados: Trinta mulheres com idade entre 22 e 76 anos participaram do estudo. Das 12 orientações, as pacientes reportaram adesão boa em seis(50%), moderada em quatro (33%), e baixa em duas (17%). Apenas sete (23%) das pacientes aderiram ao uso de dilatadores vaginais pós-braquiterapia para prevenção da estenose vaginal. Em média, as pacientes aderiram à nove das doze orientações recebidas. Conclusão: As pacientes apresentaram boa e moderada adesão para a maioria das orientações fornecidas. Sugere-se que intervenções educativas sejam implementadas para melhorar a comunicação visual e consequentemente melhorar a adesão às orientações de autocuidado em braquiterapia(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the adherence of women with cervical cancer to self-care guidelines related to brachytherapy. Method: Longitudinal study, performed in an outpatient radiotherapy clinic in the center-west region, with women with cervical cancer submitted to brachytherapy. Participants answered the questionnaire on adherence to self-care guidelines during treatment. Results: Thirty women between 22 and 76 years of age participated in the study. Of the 12 guidelines, patients reported good adherence to six (50%), moderate adherence to four (33%), and low adherence to two (17%). Only seven (23%) patients adhered to the use of postbrachytherapy vaginal dilators for prevention of vaginal stenosis. On average, the patients adhered to nine of the twelve guidelines received. Conclusion: The patients showed good and moderate adherence to most of the orientations provided. Educational interventions should be implemented to improve visual communication and consequently improve adherence to self-care guidelines in brachytherapy.(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino a las pautas de autocuidado relacionadas con la braquiterapia. Método: Estudio longitudinal, realizado en una clínica de radioterapia ambulatoria en la región centro-oeste, con mujeres con cáncer de cuello de útero sometidas a braquiterapia. Las participantes respondieron al cuestionario sobre la adhesión a las directrices de autocuidado durante el tratamiento. Resultados: Treinta mujeres entre 22 y 76 años de edad participaron en el estudio. De las 12 directrices, las pacientes informaron de una buena adhesión en seis (50%), una adhesión moderada en cuatro (33%) y una baja adhesión en dos (17%). Sólo siete (23%) de las pacientes se adhirieron al uso de dilatadores vaginales después de la braquiterapia para la prevención de la estenosis vaginal. En promedio, las pacientes se adhirieron a nueve de las doce pautas recibidas. Conclusión: Las pacientes tuvieron una buena y moderada adhesión a la mayoría de las orientaciones proporcionadas. Se sugiere que se realicen intervenciones educativas para mejorar la comunicación visual y, por consiguiente, mejorar la adhesión a las directrices de autocuidado en la braquiterapia(AU)

Bloqueo de nervio mentoniano para braquiterapia de carcinoma de labio / Mental nerve block for brachytherapy of lip carcinoma

Introducción: El cáncer de labio es el tumor más frecuente de la cavidad oral que afecta, sobre todo, el labio inferior. La braquiterapia es un tratamiento único eficaz en estadios tempranos y como terapia adyuvante a la cirugía en estadios avanzados. Esta técnica es un proceso doloroso por lo que para su realización se han empleado sedaciones profundas, infiltraciones intramusculares de anestésico local y técnicas de anestesia regional, entre otras. Objetivo: Presentar una técnica anestésica diferente y poco descrita como alternativa para disminuir el dolor de la intervención. Presentación del caso: Paciente con carcinoma de labio programado para braquiterapia. Se realiza bloqueo del nervio mentoniano de manera bilateral para el tratamiento en labio inferior. Conclusiones: Este tipo de bloqueo, por su sencillez y eficacia, es una alternativa útil a la sedación profunda para la realización de braquiterapia en el labio inferior(AU)

Introduction: Lip cancer is the most frequent tumor of the oral cavity that affects, above all, the lower lip. Brachytherapy is a unique treatment which is effective in early stages and, as adjuvant therapy to surgery, it is also effective in advanced stages. This technique is a painful process, a reason why deep sedation, intramuscular infiltrations of local anesthetic, and regional anesthesia techniques, among others, have been used. Objective: To present a different and scarcely described anesthetic technique as an alternative to reduce the pain of this intervention. Case presentation: Patient with lip carcinoma scheduled for brachytherapy. Bilateral mental nerve block is performed in the lower lip. Conclusions: This type of block, due to its simplicity and effectiveness, is a useful alternative to deep sedation for brachytherapy in the lower lip(AU)

Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Patients with Hypogonadism after High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Report of Six Cases and Literature Review

A retrospective analysis on treatment and survival outcome of locally advanced cervical cancer with or without brachytherapy: A single institution study / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background@#Concurrent chemoradiotherapy composed of pelvic external beam radiotherapy (PEBRT) with weekly chemotherapy plus intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) remains to be the treatment of choice for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). However, some patients are not suitable to have ICBT right after pelvic radiation. Locally, active chemotherapy is being given to these patients until they can undergo the procedure.@*Objective@#The aim of the study was to determine the impact of ICBT in the treatment and survival outcomes of cervical cancer and to compare it with active chemotherapy.@*Methodology@#This was a retrospective study of patients with LACC treated with or without brachytherapy in a single institution from January 2002 to December 2017.@*Results@#The 5-year over-all survival (OS) and 5-year recurrence free survival (RFS) of patients with ICBT were both significantly improved compared to those without ICBT (p=0.001 and p=0.038), respectively. Factors that were significantly correlated with adequate response for brachytherapy were non-squamous cell histology (OR 0.65, CI 0.46- 092, p=0.016), initial tumor size of > 5cm (OR 0.41, CI 0.26-0.65, p=0.001), > 50% decrease in the original tumor size at the middle part of PEBRT (OR 1.83, CI 1.2-2.8, p=0.005), > 3 cycles of chemotherapy as radiosensitizers (OR 2.66, CI 1.79- 3.9, p=0.001), > 45 days duration of PEBRT (OR 0.63, CI 0.41-0.97, p=0.04) and > 2 episodes of anemia during PEBRT (OR 0.67, CI 0.52-0.85, p=0.001).@*Conclusion@#Brachytherapy offers significant improvement on tumor control and over-all survival for patients with LACC. Active chemotherapy may offer some benefit in terms of delaying tumor recurrence or progression. However, this did not translate to survival impact if the patient was not able to have brachytherapy at all.

125Ⅰ seed brachytherapy for recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical application and efficacy of 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation in the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy.@*METHODS@#From July 2004 to July 2016, 43 cases of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma of the neck after external radiotherapy or surgery combined with external radiotherapy were treated. According to the conventional segmentation radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (once a day, 1.8-2.0 Gy each time, 5 days per week), the cumulative radiation dose of the patients in this group was calculated. In the study, 26 patients received 50-60 Gy, 7 patients received less than 50 Gy, 4 patients received 60-70 Gy, and 6 patients received more than 80 Gy (range: 80-120 Gy). The interval between the last external irradiation and local recurrence was 4-204 months, and the median interval was 48 months. Among them, 25 cases were treated with 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation only and 18 cases were treated with 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation after operation. The prescription dose was 100-140 Gy. The control rate, survival rate and disease-free survival rate were recorded to evaluate the side effects.@*RESULTS@#The median follow-up time was 27 months (ranging from 2.5 to 149.0 months). Among them, the median follow-up time of adenoid cystic carcinoma patients was 31 months (range: 2.5-112.0 months), and the median follow-up time of mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients was 18 months (range: 5-149 months). The local control rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 66.5%, 48.8% and 42.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 88.0%, 56.7% and 45.8%, respectively. The disease-free survival rates of 1, 3 and 5 years were 58.3%, 45.4% and 38.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in local control rate, survival rate, and disease-free survival between the radioactive seeds implantation group and the radioactive seeds implantation group after surgical resection. There were 2 cases of acute radiation reaction Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 3 cases of reaction Ⅲ or above. In the late stage of radiotherapy, there were 8 cases with Ⅰ/Ⅱ grade reaction and 3 cases with Ⅲ grade or above reaction. The incidence of radiation reactions of Grade Ⅲ and above was 7%.@*CONCLUSION@#125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation provides an alternative method for the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy. The local control rate and survival rate are improved on the premise of low incidence of side effects.

Image-Guided BrachyAblation (IGBA) en hepatocarcinoma: descripción de la técnica y reporte del primer caso en Chile / Image-guided brachyablation for hepatocarcinoma: report of one case

Eighty percent of hepatocarcinomas are inoperable at the moment of diagnosis. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in these cases, but local therapies are another alternative. Among these, Image-Guided BrachyAblation is a safe choice. We report a 76-year-old male with a hepatocarcinoma, who was considered inoperable due to the high surgical risk of the patient. A local treatment with Image-Guided BrachyAblation was decided. A brachytherapy needle was placed in the tumor under computed tomography guidance and a 15 Gy single dose was delivered from an Iridium-192 source. The patient had no immediate complications and at one month of follow up he continued without incidents.

Comparación de la dosis estimada en Recto y Vejiga con planificación de Braquiterapia 3D vs 2D / Comparison of the estimated dose in the Rectum and Bladder with 3D versus 2D brachytherapy planning

Introducción: En el tratamiento del Cáncer Cervico Uterino la braquiterapia (BQT) con planificación tridimensional (3D) está altamente extendida, aunque por su costo otros centros utilizan BQT con planificación bidimensional (2D). Es importante establecer si el beneficio que se obtiene con BQT en 3 D, en la protección a los órganos de riesgo, es un factor determinante para el cambio hacia esta nueva tecnología. El objetivo del estudio es comparar las dosis en ambos tipos de BQT en los órganos adyacentes al útero como el colon y vejiga. Métodos: El presente estudio descriptivo, incluye pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de cuello uterino que recibieron BQT en el período comprendido de enero 2015 a diciembre 2018, en el servicio Radioterapia del Hospital Solón Espinosa Ayala, Quito-Ecuador. Las variables fueron la dosis recibida con planificaciones en 2D y 3D. Se obtuvo histogramas dosis volumen de los órganos de riesgo: recto y vejiga. Se comparan los promedios con T de Student. Resultados: Participaron 44 casos, de 50.6 ±13.8 años de edad. En estadío clínico IIB 24 casos (55 %). La dosis prescrita de BQT en el grupo fue de 683.6 ±27 cGY. El tipo de aplicador usado fue en la gran mayoría AyT de 5 mm en 34 casos (77 %). La mayoría de los tratamientos consistieron en terapias de 4 sesiones 32 casos (73 %), con 117 implantes para BQT. La dosis planificada en vejiga en 2D fue 5.5 Gy, versus 5.1 Gy en 3D, P= 0.01. La dosis planificada en recto en 2D fue 2.8 Gy; versus 3.0 Gy en 3D P= 0.06. Conclusión: La planificación en 3D reduce significativamente 0.4 Gy la dosis irradiada a vejiga. En el caso del recto la dosis la dosis no produce cambios estadísticos respecto a planificación en 2D.

Introduction: In the treatment of Uterine Cervical Cancer brachytherapy (BQT) with three-dimensional planning (3D) is highly widespread, although for its cost other centers use BQT with two-dimensional planning (2D). It is important to establish if the benefit obtained with BQT in 3 D, in the protection of risk organs, is a determining factor for the change towards this new technology. The aim of the study is to compare the doses in both types of BQT in the organs adjacent to the uterus such as the colon and bladder. Methods: The present descriptive study includes patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who received BQT in the period from January 2015 to December 2018, in the Radiotherapy service of the Hospital Solón Espinosa Ayala, Quito-Ecuador. The variables were the dose received with 2D and 3D plans. Histograms were obtained volume volume of the organs at risk: rectum and bladder. The averages are compared with Student's T. Results: There were 44 cases, of 50.6 ± 13.8 years of age. In clinical stage IIB 24 cases (55%). The prescribed dose of BQT in the group was 683.6 ± 27 cGY. The type of applicator used was in the great majority AyT of 5 mm in 34 cases (77%). The majority of treatments consisted of therapies of 4 sessions 32 cases (73%), with 117 implants for BQT. The planned dose in 2D bladder was 5.5 Gy, versus 5.1 Gy in 3D, P = 0.01. The planned dose in rectum in 2D was 2.8 Gy; versus 3.0 Gy in 3D P = 0.06). Conclusion: 3D planning significantly reduces 0.4 Gy the dose irradiated to the bladder. In the case of the rectum, the dose does not produce statistical changes with respect to 2D planning.

Prostate brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds: analysis of a single institutional cohort

ABSTRACT Objectives: Brachytherapy (BT) with iodine-125 seeds placement is a consolidated treatment for prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer who underwent low-dose-rate (LDR) -BT alone in a single Brazilian institution. Materials and Methods: Patients treated with iodine-125 BT were retrospectively assessed after at least 5 years of follow-up. Patients who received combination therapy (External beam radiation therapy-EBRT and BT) and salvage BT were not included. Results: 406 men were included in the study (65.5% low-risk, 30% intermediate-risk, and 4.5% high-risk patients). After a median follow-up of 87.5 months, 61 (15.0%) patients developed biochemical recurrence. The actuarial biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) at 5 and 10 years were 90.6% and 82.2%, respectively. A PSA nadir ≥ 1 ng / mL was associated with a higher risk of biochemical failure (HR = 5.81; 95% CI: 3.39 to 9.94; p ≤ 0.001). The actuarial metastasis-free survival (MFS) at 5 and 10 years were 98.3% and 94%, respectively. The actuarial overall survival (OS) at 5 and 10 years were 96.2% and 85.1%, respectively. Acute and late grade 2 and 3 gastrointestinal toxicities were observed in 5.6%, 0.5%, 4.6% and 0.5% of cases, respectively. For genitourinary the observed acute and late grade 2 and 3 toxicities rates were 57.3%, 3.6%, 28% and 3.1%, respectively. No grade 4 and 5 were observed. Conclusions: BT was effective as a definitive treatment modality for prostate cancer, and its endpoints and toxicities were comparable to those of the main series in the literature.

Is moderate hypofractionation accepted as a new standard of care in north america for prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy? Survey of genitourinary expert radiation oncologists

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several recent randomized clinical trials have evaluated hypofractionated regimens against conventionally fractionated EBRT and shown similar effectiveness with conflicting toxicity results. The current view regarding hypofractionation compared to conventional EBRT among North American genitourinary experts for management of prostate cancer has not been investigated. Materials and Methods: A survey was distributed to 88 practicing North American GU physicians serving on decision - making committees of cooperative group research organizations. Questions pertained to opinions regarding the default EBRT dose and fractionation for a hypothetical example of a favorable intermediate - risk prostate cancer (Gleason 3 + 4). Treatment recommendations were correlated with practice patterns using Fisher's exact test. Results: Forty - two respondents (48%) completed the survey. We excluded from analysis two respondents who selected radical hypofractionation with 5 - 12 fractions as a preferred treatment modality. Among the 40 analyzed respondents, 23 (57.5%) recommend conventional fractionation and 17 (42.5%) recommended moderate hypofractionation. No demographic factors were found to be associated with preference for a fractionation regimen. Support for brachytherapy as a first choice treatment modality for low - risk prostate cancer was borderline significantly associated with support for moderate hypofractionated EBRT treatment modality (p = 0.089). Conclusions: There is an almost equal split among North American GU expert radiation oncologists regarding the appropriateness to consider moderately hypofractionated EBRT as a new standard of care in management of patients with prostate cancer. Physicians who embrace brachytherapy may be more inclined to support moderate hypofractionated regimen for EBRT. It is unclear whether reports with longer follow-ups will impact this balance, or whether national care and reimbursement policies will drive the clinical decisions. In the day and age of patient - centered care delivery, patients should receive an objective recommendation based on available clinical evidence. The stark division among GU experts may influence the design of future clinical trials utilizing EBRT for patients with prostate cancer.

Impact of vaginal brachytherapy in intermediate and high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer: a multicenter study from the FRANCOGYN group / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: According to recent European Society of Medical Oncology, European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and European Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology guidelines, adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (VB) is optional in patients with intermediate risk (IR) and high-intermediate risk (HIR) endometrial cancer (EC). The aim of this French retrospective, multicenter study was to assess the impact of VB in these groups on local recurrence rate, local recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: Data of 191 patients with IR and HIR EC who underwent primary surgery with or without VB and no other adjuvant treatment between 2000 and 2016 were extracted from the FRANCOGYN database. Rate of local recurrence, OS and local RFS in these two groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The number of patients with IR and HIR EC were 118 and 73 respectively. VB was used in 92 patients in IR group and 43 in HIR group. Median follow-up was 22 months. In the HIR group, the local recurrence rate was significantly higher in the no adjuvant therapy group in comparison with the VB group (16.7% and 0% respectively, p=0.02). There was also a significant improvement in local RFS (p=0.01) in VB group. In IR EC, there is no significant difference on local recurrence rate (4.2% and 3.2%, respectively, p=1.00) or local RFS (p=0.54) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: VB is an efficient adjuvant treatment for patients with HIR EC. VB is not associated with an improvement of RFS or OS in IR EC patient.